{"id":2090,"date":"2022-08-04T16:45:36","date_gmt":"2022-08-04T04:45:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.awanuilabs.co.nz\/south\/otagosouthland\/?page_id=2090"},"modified":"2022-08-04T16:45:37","modified_gmt":"2022-08-04T04:45:37","slug":"hepatitis-a-virus","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.awanuilabs.co.nz\/south\/otagosouthland\/referrers\/microbiology-resources\/how-do-i-diagnose\/hepatitis-a-virus\/","title":{"rendered":"Hepatitis A virus"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Infection:<\/strong> Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-atomic-blocks-ab-accordion ab-block-accordion\"><details><summary class=\"ab-accordion-title\">Brief description:<\/summary><div class=\"ab-accordion-text\">\n<ul><li>Virus that causes an acute hepatitis illness that self-resolves.<\/li><li>Can very rarely cause liver failure.<\/li><li>Doesn\u2019t cause chronic infection like hepatitis B and C.<\/li><li>Life-long immunity develops after infection or vaccination.<\/li><li>Very uncommonly acquired in NZ unless known outbreak e.g. related to imported frozen berries. More common if recent history of overseas travel.<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-atomic-blocks-ab-accordion ab-block-accordion\"><details><summary class=\"ab-accordion-title\">Did you know?<\/summary><div class=\"ab-accordion-text\">\n<p>HAV is related to enteroviruses and spreads by faecal-oral transmission. Not considered a \u2018blood-borne virus\u2019 like hepatitis B and C.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-atomic-blocks-ab-accordion ab-block-accordion\"><details><summary class=\"ab-accordion-title\">Who do I test?<\/summary><div class=\"ab-accordion-text\">\n<p>Test people with <strong>acute hepatitis<\/strong> that isn\u2019t due to another cause e.g. medications, alcohol.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Don\u2019t test people with <strong>chronic<\/strong> or <strong>low-level<\/strong> (&lt;200) elevations in ALT\/AST.<\/li><li>If testing for immunity is required, this should be stated clearly on the request form.<\/li><li><strong>Mimics<\/strong> to consider in patients with <strong>hepatitis<\/strong>:&nbsp;hepatitis B and C, HIV, syphilis<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-atomic-blocks-ab-accordion ab-block-accordion\"><details><summary class=\"ab-accordion-title\">Test of choice:<\/summary><div class=\"ab-accordion-text\">\n<p>Request<strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/scg.aphg.co.nz\/#!\/WEL\/details\/HGM\">Hep A serology<\/a><\/strong>, but must specify reason for test (<strong>immunity<\/strong> vs <strong>infection<\/strong>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Hepatitis A total antibody <\/strong>detects both <strong>IgM and IgG<\/strong> antibodies and is the first test that is performed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Excellent <strong>sensitivity<\/strong> &#8211; a <strong>negative<\/strong> result <strong>excludes<\/strong> acute or past infection, as it means there is no detectable IgM or IgG.<\/li><li>A <strong>positive<\/strong> result can be due to the presence of IgG, IgM or both.<ul><li>In <strong>well patients<\/strong> where evidence of immunity is required, this is assumed to be <strong>IgG<\/strong>, which indicates <strong>immunity<\/strong> due to <strong>past infection<\/strong> or <strong>vaccination<\/strong>.<\/li><li>In patients with <strong>acute hepatitis<\/strong>, the laboratory will usually <strong>add on IgM<\/strong> <strong>testing<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Hepatitis A IgM<\/strong> is a marker of <strong>acute<\/strong> infection, and is detectable from time of symptom onset, but can <strong>persist for many months<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Excellent<strong> sensitivity &#8211; <\/strong>a<strong> negative <\/strong>result makes acute infection<strong> very unlikely<\/strong><\/li><li>Moderate<strong> specificity &#8211; <\/strong>a<strong> positive <\/strong>result is<strong> supportive<\/strong>, but<strong> not confirmatory<\/strong>, as false positives due to cross reactions can occur.<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-atomic-blocks-ab-accordion ab-block-accordion\"><details><summary class=\"ab-accordion-title\">Tests to avoid\/specialist tests:<\/summary><div class=\"ab-accordion-text\">\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/scg.aphg.co.nz\/#!\/WEL\/details\/_ptg2798\">Hepatitis A PCR<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>This is usually performed on <strong>stool<\/strong>, but sometimes can be performed on <strong>blood<\/strong> also.<\/li><li>Has excellent <strong>specificity<\/strong>, so can <strong>confirm<\/strong> hepatitis A in patients with a positive IgM.<\/li><li>There is <strong>limited laboratory capacity<\/strong> to perform this test currently, so it is generally reserved for Public Health investigations.<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Infection: Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":0,"parent":2060,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-left-sidebar.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Hepatitis A virus &#8212; 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